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习大大接受美媒采访精要

 

  国家主席习近平在启程对美国进行国事访问前接受了《华尔街日报》的书面采访, 谈及了一系列中国民众关心的热点问题。以下为要点摘录:

 

谈亚投行

 

As an open and inclusive multilateral development agency, the AIIB will complement other multilateral development banks. In addition to Asian countries, countries outside Asia such as Germany, France and the U.K. have also joined the AIIB. China welcomes the U.S. to join the AIIB. This has been our position from the very outset.

 

亚投行是一个开放和包容的多边开发机构,将同现有多边开发银行相互补充。除了域内国家,德国、法国、英国等国家也都加入了亚投行。中方欢迎美国参与亚投行,从一开始我们就是这个态度。

 

谈“中国梦”

 

The Chinese dream is fundamentally about making life better for the Chinese people, and I think one should approach this concept from two angles: history and reality. Starting from the Opium War in 1840, the Chinese nation went through a century of social turbulence, foreign aggression and the sufferings of war. Yet throughout all this trying time, our people stood on their feet and struggled tenaciously for a better future. They never gave up the longing for their cherished dream. To understand today's China, one needs to fully appreciate the Chinese nation's deep suffering since modern times and the profound impact of such suffering on the Chinese minds. That is why we regard the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation as its greatest dream since modern times. The Chinese dream is as much the dream of every Chinese as it is the dream of the whole nation. It is not an illusion, nor is it an empty slogan. The Chinese dream is deeply rooted in the hearts of the Chinese people.

 

中国梦最根本的是实现中国人民的美好生活。关于这个问题,需要从历史和现实两个向度来认识。1840年鸦片战争之后,中华民族经历了长达一个世纪的社会动荡、外族侵略、战争磨难,但中国人民始终自强不息、顽强斗争,从未放弃对美好梦想的向往和追求。看待当今中国,一定要深刻认识中国近代以后所遭受的民族苦难,一定要深刻认识这种长期的民族苦难给中国人民精神世界带来的深刻影响。所以我们说,实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦是近代以来中华民族最伟大的梦想。中国梦是中华民族的梦,也是每个中国人的梦。中国梦不是镜中花、水中月,不是空洞的口号,其最深沉的根基在中国人民心中。

 

谈中美如何处理分歧

 

Naturally, we have some differences, even family members don't always see eye to eye with each other. Our two countries should understand and respect each other, expand common ground and properly handle differences, and respect and accommodate each other's core interests and major concerns. On issues that can be resolved, the two sides should make joint efforts to seek a solution; as to those issues that cannot be resolved for the time being, we should manage them in a constructive way, make sure that they are not exacerbated or escalated, and prevent them from derailing the overall relationship of the two countries and cooperation that has served our two peoples so well.

 

当然,一个家庭还会有这样那样的矛盾,中美两国难免会存在一些分歧。双方要相互理解、相互尊重、聚同化异,尊重和照顾彼此核心利益和重大关切。对可以解决的问题,双方要相向而行,共同努力加以解决。对一时解决不了的问题,要以建设性方式善加管控,防止激化或升级,防止对两国总体关系和符合两国人民利益的合作大局造成干扰。

 

谈南海岛礁建设

 

The Nansha Islands have been China's territory since ancient times. This is fully backed by historical and legal evidence. China's development and maintenance of facilities on some of our garrisoned islands and reefs in the Nansha Islands does not impact on or target any other country, and it should not be overinterpreted. These facilities have been built to improve the working and living conditions of the Chinese personnel on the maritime features, provide international public goods and services, and better uphold navigation freedom and safety in the South China Sea.

 

南沙群岛自古以来就是中国的领土,我们对此有着充足的历史和法理依据。中国对南沙部分驻守岛礁进行了相关建设和设施维护,不影响也不针对任何国家,不应过度解读。中方岛礁建设主要是为了改善岛上人员工作生活条件,并提供相应国际公共产品服务,也有助于进一步维护南海航行自由和安全。

 

谈网络安全

 

China takes cybersecurity very seriously. China is also a victim of hacking. The Chinese government does not engage in theft of commercial secrets in any form, nor does it encourage or support Chinese companies to engage in such practices in any way. Cybertheft of commercial secrets and hacking attacks against government networks are both illegal; such acts are criminal offenses and should be punished according to law and relevant international conventions. China and the United States share common concerns on cybersecurity. We are ready to strengthen cooperation with the U.S. side on this issue.

 

中国是网络安全的坚定维护者。中国是黑客攻击的受害国。中国政府不会以任何形式参与、鼓励或支持企业从事窃取商业秘密行为。不论是网络商业窃密,还是对政府网络发起黑客攻击,都是违法犯罪行为,都应该根据法律和相关国际公约予以打击。中美双方在网络安全上有共同关切,我们愿同美方加强合作。

 

谈中美在亚太如何相处

 

Both China and the United States are major Asia-Pacific countries, whose interests intersect more closely and interact more frequently than in any other region of the world. Both sides desire to see peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific, as it serves their common interests as well as those of the countries in the region. The Asia-Pacific should be a cooperative ground for enhanced China-U.S. coordination and collaboration rather than their Coliseum for supremacy. Our attitude is this: we welcome whatever that contributes to regional peace and stability, and oppose whatever that may lead to conflict and turmoil in the region.

 

中美都是亚太重要国家,亚太是中美利益交织最密集、互动最频繁的地区。中美两国都希望亚太地区保持和平稳定,这符合两国和地区国家共同利益。亚太应该成为中美加强协调和配合的合作社,而不应该成为中美互相角力的角斗场。我们的态度是,凡是有利于地区和平稳定的事,我们都欢迎:凡是可能导致地区冲突和动荡的事,我们都反对。

 

谈中国股市

 

The ups and downs of stock markets are caused by the very nature of such markets, and the government normally does not intervene. The role of the government is to maintain an open, fair and impartial market order, protect the lawful rights and interests of investors, especially small- and medium-scale investors, promote the stable growth of the stock market in the long run, and defuse massive panic. The recent unusual fluctuations in the Chinese stock market were mainly the result of previous rapid surges and big fluctuations in the international market. The Chinese government has taken some measures to defuse systemic risks. Such steps have proved successful. As a matter of fact, similar steps have also been taken in some mature foreign markets. Thanks to a mix of stabilizing steps taken, the market has entered a stage of self-correction and adjustment. Todevelop the capital market is a key goal of China's reform, which will not change just because of current market fluctuations.

 

股市涨跌有其自身的运行规律,一般情况下政府不干预。政府的职责是维护公开、公平、公正的市场秩序,保护投资者特别是中小投资者的合法权益,促进股市长期稳定发展,防止发生大面积恐慌。前段时间,中国股市出现了异常波动,这主要是由于前期上涨过高过快以及国际市场大幅波动等因素引起的。为避免发生系统性风险,中国政府采取了一些措施,遏制了股市的恐慌情绪,避免了一次系统性风险。境外成熟市场也采取过类似做法。在综合采取多种稳定措施后,市场已经进入自我修复和自我调节阶段。发展资本市场是中国的改革方向,不会因为这次股市波动而改变。

 

谈外汇储备下降

 

There has been a recent drop in China's foreign reserves. This actually reflects improvement to the mix of local currency as well as foreign exchange assets and liabilities of domestic banks, enterprises and individuals. There are three main reasons: First, some assets in foreign exchanges were transferred from the central bank to domestic banks, enterprises and individuals, including an increase of US$56.9 billion in the balance of foreign reserve deposits of domestic banks in the first eight months of this year, with a US$27 billion increase in August alone. Second, outbound investment by domestic enterprises has grown rapidly. Third, domestic enterprises and other market entities are reducing foreign financing steadily, which helps reduce risks of high leverage operation and currency mismatch. These changes are normal capital flow, which is moderate and manageable. Foreign investors who aim at long-term gains are still investing in China. China's foreign exchange reserves remain abundant and is still very large by international standard. With improvement to the RMB exchange rate regime and progress in RMB internationalization, it is quite normal that China's foreign reserves may increase or decrease, and there is no need to overreact to it.

 

近期,中国外汇储备余额下降,主要反映了境内银行、企业、个人等本外币资产负债结构的优化调整。主要有三个原因:一是部分外汇资产由央行转向境内银行、企业等机构及个人持有,如今年前8个月境内银行各项外汇存款余额增加569亿美元,其中8月份增加270亿美元。二是境内企业“走出去”对外投资增长较快。三是境内企业等市场主体稳步减少境外融资,有助于降低高杠杆经营、货币错配等风险。这些变化都属于正常的资本流动,在适度可控的范围内。真正以长期投资为目的的外方投资者仍在进入中国。中国外汇储备依然充裕,在世界范围内仍属于很高水平。随着人民币汇率形成机制不断完善以及人民币国际化推进,中国外汇储备有所增减是正常的,不必过分担忧。

 

谈反腐

 

On institutional building in this respect, let me share with you two remarks I made. The first is that we must keep power in the cage of systemic checks. The other one is, transparency is the best precaution against corruption. As we go further in the anticorruption campaign, we will focus more on institutional building so that officials will not dare and cannot afford to be corrupt and, more importantly, have no desire to take that course. Right now, we are formulating and updating relevant laws and regulations to truly put power inside a more closely-knit cage of effective checks. With respect to asset disclosure by officials, we adopted relevant regulations back in 2010 to require such reporting which was subject to random check and verification every year. The proportion of verified reporting has increased steadily, and no one would take exception. Should anyone be found to be dishonest, they will be punished accordingly.

 

关于反腐败制度建设,我有两句话,一句是“把权力关进制度的笼子里”,一句是“阳光是最好的防腐剂”。随着反腐败斗争向纵深推进,我们要着力形成不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐的体制机制。我们正在制定和完善相关法律法规,扎细扎密扎牢制度的笼子,真正把权力关进其中。关于官员财产公开,我们在2010年就通过有关规定,将领导干部收入等涉及财产性内容列入个人报告事项,每年定期抽查核实,现在核实的比例不断提高,任何人都不能例外。对不如实报告的人,我们有硬性的处理措施。

 

I once said that the fight against corruption never ends. Our zero tolerance to corruption will never change. Nor will our determination, courage and severity with which we punish it in order to rid the Party of corruption. All acts of corruption must be dealt with. Anticorruption efforts will not hurt the economy. On the contrary, fighting corruption, including such malpractices as rent-seeking, will help build a clean government, remove hurdles that impede market operations, promote fair rules and bring about a better investment and business environment.

 

我说过,反腐没有休止符。我们将坚持零容忍的态度不变、猛药去病的决心不减、刮骨疗伤的勇气不泄、严厉惩处的尺度不松,做到有腐必反、有贪必肃。反腐败不会影响经济发展。惩治腐败,打击权力寻租,可以推动建设廉洁政府,推动清除阻碍市场机制运行的障碍,促进规则公平,创造更好的投资营商环境。

 

谈理解与尊重他国

 

As an ancient Chinese philosopher Mencius said, “It's only natural for things to be different.” Lack of understanding between countries is indeed a question, but this is life. With so much difference in ethnicity, history, culture, religion, social system, development level and lifestyle, there are things about others that one may find hard to understand. This is for sure, but that said, it is also true that anything that is seemingly incomprehensible can be understood provided that one is ready to learn and make an effort to understand it instead of dismissing it altogether. Every civilization, distinct and colorful as it is, possesses the value for its existence. A country or a nation should cherish and protect its own culture and values, and at the same time, recognize and respect those of others. While feeling proud of one's own cultural achievements, a country or a nation must not shut its door to the outside, still less, indulge in self-aggrandizement. As an old Chinese saying goes, “Learning alone without exchanges with others will lead to ignorance.” We should be ready to learn from other civilizations and carry forward their time-honored values that transcend national borders and retain appeal in modern times.

 

中国古代思想家孟子说过:“物之不齐,物之情也。”国与国之间的确存在相互不理解的问题,但这就是生活。既然世界上存在着不同的民族、历史、文化、宗教、 制度、发展水平、生活方式,那就肯定会存在一些相互不那么好理解的事情。但是,我认为,一切看上去不可理解的事情都是可以理解的,关键是要想去理解并努力去理解,而不要排斥。丰富多彩的人类文明都有自己存在的价值。本国本民族要珍惜和维护自己的思想文化,也要承认和尊重别国别民族的思想文化。强调承认和尊重本国本民族的文明成果,不是要搞自我封闭,更不是要搞唯我独尊。“独学而无友,则孤陋而寡闻。”对人类社会创造的各种文明,我们都应该采取学习借鉴的态度,把跨越时空、超越国度、富有永恒魅力、具有当代价值的优秀文化精神弘扬起来。


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